ayurveda
A physician works with the person to withdraw the mind from the objects that are feeding the disturbance and to put steadier ones in their place — examining the belief, substituting the emotion, restoring the daily conduct around it. It is described in the Charaka Saṃhitā as a distinct branch of treatment, explicitly the one that uses no substances at all, and it is the oldest thing in this collection that would be recognisable to a modern therapist as talking work.